- CB 3.12,3.13 Developing Procedures

What is a procedure?

A procedure is a named group of code that has paramaters and return values. Procedures are known as methods or functions depending on the language.

A procedure executes the statements within it on the parameters to provide a return value.

What are parameters?

Paramaters are input values of a procedure that are specified by arguments.Arguments specify the values of the parameters when a procedure is called.

By creating theses algorithms the readibility of code increases and the complexity decreases. This is becasue a function’s name can tell the reader what action it will perform, and by calling it, the code becomes more clean and easy to understand.

What is a return value?

A return value is the value that is returned when a function or a method is called.

That return value can be assigned or printed

Procedures are used to create algorthims that can perform certain actions or return values. When a procedure returns a value, theis information must be stored in a variable for later use. However some procedures like the MOVE_FORWARD() perform an action, and don’t return a value. The image above provides an example of where procedures that don’t output a value would be used.

A 60$ item recieves a 20% discount and taxed at 8%.
PROCEDURE applyDiscount(cost, percentDiscounted)
{
    temp ← 100 - percentDiscounted
    temp← temp/ 100
    cost ← cost *temp
    RETURN(cost)
}

price ← applyDiscount(60, 20)
This is how we get the final price with the discount by calling the procedure and assigning it to the price variable.


PROCEDURE applyTax(cost, percentTaxed)
{
    temp ← 100 + percentTaxed
    temp← temp/ 100
    cost ← cost *temp
    RETURN(cost)
}
price ← applyTax(price, 8)
This applys the 8% tax to the price determined after the discount.

Popcorn Hack 1

Given the applyTax procedure above: How would you call the procedure to get it to find the price using cost = 50, and percentTaxed = 10, and what value will it return?

#code here

cost = 50
percentTaxed = 10

def applyTax (cost, percentTaxed):
    temp = (1-(percentTaxed/100)) * cost
    cost = temp
    
print (applyTax(50,10))

None

What Are Functions?

Collections of code
Divides large program into smaller chunks
Better readability
Less repetitive code
More efficient code
Good organization

What Are The Components of a Function?

The function declaration
The parameters (input). This is also referred to as an argument when a value is being passed to the actual function.
The functionality
The return value (output)
Calling the function

# Defining Functions
#
# def function_name(parameter1, parameter2, etc..):
#     code here...
#
#     return return_value;

# return the value of parameter1 plus parameter2;
def add(parameter1, parameter2): # creates a function that takes in two parameters
    solution = parameter1 + parameter2; # sets solution to the sum of parameter1 and parameter2
    return solution; # return solution
    
print(add(5, 5)); # prints the return value of add(5,5)

Popcorn Hack 2:

1. Make a function that returns the difference of two numbers

# Code here
x = float(input())
y = float(input())

def difference(x,y):
    differences = x-y
print(difference(1,5))

None

What is a Class?

A class is an outline for a set of nested functions and variables.
There are instance variables
Functions

Constructor method (Required)
To String method
Getter method
Setter method

How Does a Class Work?

# Defining Classes
class person:
    def __init__(self, name, age, ): # constructor
        self.name = name;
        self.age = age;
    
    def getName(self): # method to create get name
        return self.name;
    
    def getAge(self): # method to create get age
        return self.age;
    
    def setName(self, name): # method to create set name
        self.name = name;
        
    def setAge(self, age): # method to create set age
        self.age = age;
        
    def yearOlder(self): # method to increment age by 1
        self.age += 1;
        
    def __str__(self): # method that returns a string when the object is printed
        return (f"My name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old.")

Person1 = person("John Doe", 15);
print(Person1)


print(Person1);

Popcorn Hack 3:

1. Create a Car class which has the attributes model, vehicle name, and price

2. Create instances of the following cars

Name: Honda Civic , Model Year: 2018 , Price: $13,000
Name: Toyota Prius, Model Year: 2023 , Price: $28,000
Name: Chevrolet Impala, Model Year: 2020 , Price: $22,000

class Car:
    def __init__(car, model, name, price):
        car.model = model
        car.name = name
        car.price = price
        
    def get_model(car):
        return car.model
    
    def get_name(car):
        return car.name
    
    def get_price(car):
        return car.price
    
    def set_model(car, model):
        car.model = model
    
    def set_name(car, name):
        car.name = name
        
    def set_price(car, price):
        car.price = price
    
    def __str__(car):
        return f"The {car.name} was made in {car.model} and costs ${car.price}"

Car1 = Car(2018, "Honda Civic", 13000)
print(Car1)

Car2 = Car(2023, "Toyota Prius", 28000)
print(Car2)

Car3 = Car(2020, "Chevrolet Impala", 22000)
print(Car3)

Create a function that takes in an array as the parameter and returns the array of distinct values. DON’T USE SETS. TEST ARRAY: arr1 = [2,1,3,2,0,2,0,0,4,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,1,2,3,0,7,4,5,2,1,2,3,4,6]

def get_distinct_values(arr):
    distinct_arr = []
    for element in arr:
        if element not in distinct_arr:
            distinct_arr.append(element)
    return distinct_arr

# Test the function with the provided array
arr1 = [2, 1, 3, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 7, 4, 5, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6]
distinct_values = get_distinct_values(arr1)
print(distinct_values)

  File "/tmp/ipykernel_11901/3006418164.py", line 14
    numsides = input('How many sides do yoUUUU wnat in YOUUUURRRR shape?!?!!?!: ')
    ^
IndentationError: expected an indented block after function definition on line 11

Assignment 2:

Create a student class that...

Has a constructor that takes three parameters as attributes
- email
- name
- grade
Three getter methods to access the name, email, and grade
Three setter methods to modify the name, email, and grade
A to string method that returns the three instance variables in this format - "My name is {name}. My email is {email}. My grade is {grade}
Create an instance of the class that corresponds with you

class Student:
    def __init__(self, email, name, grade):
        self.email = email
        self.name = name
        self.grade = grade

    def get_email(self):
        return self.email

    def get_name(self):
        return self.name

    def get_grade(self):
        return self.grade

    def set_email(self, email):
        self.email = email

    def set_name(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def set_grade(self, grade):
        self.grade = grade

    def __str__(self):
        return f"My name is {self.name}. My email is {self.email}. My grade is {self.grade}"

# Create an instance of the class corresponding to you
student = Student("cindyl1234stu.powayusd.com", "Cindy", 10)

# Display the student's information
print(student)

Tangibles:

Good review for the syntax of classes. I never really understood how classes work since it initially went way over my head, but going over it again was really helpful. Learned a lot about key concepts like procedures and functions.